Archimedes Plutonium
2021-03-15 19:39:59 UTC
1-Time to remove Physics professors from their teaching post if they cannot admit to errors of physics (1 angular momentum proves real proton is 840MeV, real electron is muon (2 Lewis 6 Structure is true, not Lewis 8. College presidents do pink slips
62nd published book
Elementary Angular-Momentum with Force of Gravity// Angular-Momentum equals Electric Field// Physics series for High School, Book 8 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Angular-Momentum is tough physics. So tough that no physicist of the 20th century knew what it truly was. And believe you me, there were some great mathematical physicists such as Dirac and Feynman and Bohr and Pauli. The reason it was tough, for it had a missing term in it, electric current. This book is not going to go into depth and detail of Angular Momentum or Gravity, but only to get the student a comfortable awareness of what angular-momentum and gravity is, and how it works. After reading this small book and, later, if you want depth and detail of Angular Momentum and Gravity, please see AP's textbook of " Raw Research into ANGULAR-MOMENTUM DYNAMICS//Atom Totality series, book 3, 2019, Kindle Edition, by Archimedes Plutonium.
The mathematics involved in Angular-Momentum and Gravity is too hard for High School, so hard, that it should be spared of all mathematics, and just a geometry description should be given to High School. And only at the end of Freshperson Physics in College should the mathematics of Angular Momentum and Gravity be given in College 1st year Physics. Spared so that the student is in synch with AP's Freshperson Calculus text which the AP-EM equations are at the end of that textbook. In synch reading of 1st year college calculus and 1st year college physics, do we reach a synchronous moment of education teaching to handle the math of Angular-Momentum and Gravity. So in this text, I will speak about the geometry of Angular Momentum and the geometry of Gravity and that is easy to understand. I am not going to go into any mathematical calculations nor the equations of electricity and magnetism that governs Angular Momentum and Gravity. Only a geometry understanding of Angular-Momentum and Gravity.
Cover picture is the planet Uranus with several of its satellites. It is Uranus that proves to us what angular-momentum and gravity truly are, and teaches us what gravity truly is-- it is electricity and magnetism.
Length: 16 pages
Product details
• File Size : 959 KB
• ASIN : B07XT4SP6N
• Word Wise : Enabled
• Print Length : 16 pages
• Publication Date : September 11, 2019
• Enhanced Typesetting : Enabled
• Text-to-Speech : Not enabled
• X-Ray : Not Enabled
• Screen Reader : Supported
• Simultaneous Device Usage : Unlimited
• Language: : English
• Lending : Enabled
• Best Sellers Rank: #171,127 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
◦ #2 in 15-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
◦ #12 in Electromagnetic Theory
◦ #21 in Electromagnetism (Kindle Store)
2nd published book
True Chemistry: Chemistry Series, book 1 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Physics and chemistry made a mistake in 1897 for they thought that J.J. Thomson's small particle of 0.5MeV was the electron of atoms. By 2017, Archimedes Plutonium discovered that the rest mass of 940 for neutron and proton was really 9 x 105MeV with a small sigma-error. Meaning that the real proton is 840MeV, real electron is 105 MeV= muon, and that little particle Thomson discovered was in fact the Dirac magnetic monopole. Dirac circa 1930s was looking for a magnetic monopole, and sadly, Dirac passed away before 2017, because if he had lived to 2017, he would have seen his long sought for magnetic monopole which is everywhere.
Cover picture: shows 3 isomers of CO2 and the O2 molecule.
Length: 1150 pages
Product details
• File Size : 2167 KB
• ASIN : B07PLVMMSZ
• Publication Date : March 11, 2019
• Word Wise : Enabled
• Print Length : 1150 pages
• Language: : English
• Text-to-Speech : Not enabled
• Enhanced Typesetting : Enabled
• X-Ray : Not Enabled
• Lending : Enabled
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #590,212 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#181 in General Chemistry & Reference
#1324 in General Chemistry
#1656 in Physics (Kindle Store)
Archimedes Plutonium's profile photo
Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 2:47:24 PM (yesterday)
to
Units for acceleration are A = meters/sec^2
In Angular Momentum we turn that around to be meters^2/sec. We square the meters and leave the seconds alone.
So, well Angular Momentum is the driving force behind all of Quantum Mechanics for its units are angular momentum and that should be of no surprise to any one in physics who knows the primal axiom of physics. All is Atom and Atoms are nothing but electricity and magnetism.
Both electricity and magnetism are closed look circuits, and that means a math-form of x^2/A^2 where x is the variable and A is the constant so in effect the angular momentum is a math of closed loop circuitry.
So let us just see why the 0.5MeV particle cannot be the electron of atoms and why the muon stuck and trapped inside a 840MeV proton torus must be the true electron of atoms.
For proton we have 840MeV *( meters^2/second)
For muon we have 105MeV * (meters^2/second)
For Dirac magnetic monopole mistaken as the electron we have 0.5MeV * (meters^2/second)
What I am going to demonstrate with this math is not only is the Rutherford-Bohr Model of atom a charlatan fraud for it is impossible given the above math. But that the very concept of Angular Momentum that all of Quantum Mechanics is based upon is a error filled fraud.
As for the second test of whether a Physics professor should stay or be fired out of physics is just a simple test of logic. For it is well known that the CO and N2 molecules have the highest dissociation energy in chemistry. If Lewis 6 Structure is true, then CO and N2 do indeed have the highest dissociation bond energy as we place 6 Lewis Arms in a hand held model. But if Lewis 8 Structure were the truth then we must have O2 has a higher dissociation energy than is CO or N2. Simple logic, but every physics and chemistry professor around the globe espouses and teaches Lewis 8 Structure. They should all be given a pink slip by the President of their colleges if they cannot publically admit to the truth about Lewis 6 Structure, and should not pollute the minds of our young students any further.
AP
King of Science
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Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 3:17:12 PM (yesterday)
to
So if we reverse the speed of light 3.16*10^8 m/s as that of 3.16*10^-9 in number value we see that our math for the 0.5 particle incorrectly deemed the electron of atoms would be a tiny number of
0.5MeV * 3.16*10^-9 for angular momentum.
On the other hand with proton at 840MeV and muon as true real electron the angular momentum of both are near equal to one another, provided that we keep the velocity of muon as 8 times that of the velocity of proton.
Now in Faraday's law, you do not create new electricity if the speed of the proton with its 8 rings is the same speed as the muon trapped inside thrusting through the proton. For if the proton speed matches the muon speed there is no electricity produced for there is no thrusting, everything is relatively staying the same, no motion detected.
But, however, if the speed of the proton is considered stationary, and the speed of the muon considered to be 8. Then we have a meters^2/second = 8
I was looking for a History of bond dissociation energy of chemistry. Apparently chemists never see dating their science with any priority concerns. So I am guessing that only recently say 1950s and thereafter is bond dissociation energy in Chemistry a accurate science. This would explain why Lewis decided on 8 rather than on the number 6.
AP is mystified by the fact that proton and muon have a factor of 8 in common. And the wrong Lewis Structure of 8. So is there some connection as to why Chemistry chose 8 when it is 6.
1> AP
1> King of Science
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Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 4:08:39 PM (yesterday)
to
So, I just cannot help but wonder, if the mistaken 8 in Lewis Structure is the exact factor I need to Equilibrate the Proton Angular Momentum to be the same as the Muon Angular Momentum.
And if we Equilibrate muon to proton angular momentum, do we achieve that lofty principle of Maximum Production of Electricity of muon doing Faraday law inside a proton torus? This idea has bugged and nagged me for almost 4 years now ever since 2018.
I do not need a 8 in Lewis Structure but I do need a 8 in angular momentum of muon versus proton.
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Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 8:28:14 PM (yesterday)
to
Going to explore this in far more detail, for I simply need the number 8 to make the Angular Momentum of Muon equal to angular momentum of proton. Whereas Chemistry does not need 8, but rather, needs the number 6 for Lewis bonding structure. I looked this up before under the "octet rule" of chemistry. But no harm in reviewing.
I find it highly highly unlikely that chemistry thinks it needs 8 when it needs 6, yet physics needs that 8 for angular momentum.
Could it be that the Chemists were doing Quantum Mechanics of 8 with angular momentum and not with that of their crazy muddle headed electrons of 0.5MeV when the true electron is the muon trapped inside a proton torus.
So what I am thinking on re reading this explanation in Wikipedia, is that the octet rule was never about bonding but all about the velocity of the muon traveling around inside a proton torus and doing the Faraday law. A "closed inert gas configuration" was never about 0.5MeV particles bonding, but about that Muon velocity as it thrusts through those 8 rings that compose a proton torus and every time the muon thrusts through a individual proton ring a electric current is produced. So 8 electric currents are produced in one cycle of a muon thrusting.
Lewis thought he needed 8 when in truth, he needed 6.
AP needs 8 for muon to proton angular momentum, so I think I have found the 8, I need.
--- quoting Wikipedia on octet rule ---
History
Newlands' law of octaves
In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties.
In the late 19th century, it was known that coordination compounds (formerly called “molecular compounds”) were formed by the combination of atoms or molecules in such a manner that the valencies of the atoms involved apparently became satisfied. In 1893, Alfred Werner showed that the number of atoms or groups associated with a central atom (the “coordination number”) is often 4 or 6; other coordination numbers up to a maximum of 8 were known, but less frequent.[8] In 1904, Richard Abegg was one of the first to extend the concept of coordination number to a concept of valence in which he distinguished atoms as electron donors or acceptors, leading to positive and negative valence states that greatly resemble the modern concept of oxidation states. Abegg noted that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element under his model is frequently eight.[9] In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis referred to this insight as Abegg's rule and used it to help formulate his cubical atom model and the "rule of eight", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919, Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and renamed them the "cubical octet atom" and "octet theory". The "octet theory" evolved into what is now known as the "octet rule".
Walther Kossel and Gilbert N. Lewis saw that noble gases did not have the tendency of taking part in chemical reactions under ordinary conditions. On the basis of this observation, they concluded that atoms of noble gases are stable and on the basis of this conclusion they proposed a theory of valency known as "electronic theory of valency" in 1916:
During the formation of a chemical bond, atoms combine together by gaining, losing or sharing electrons in such a way that they acquire nearest noble gas configuration.
Explanation in quantum theory
The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an s2p6 electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has a full n = 2 shell (2s2 2p6) and an empty n = 3 shell. According to the octet rule, the atoms immediately before and after neon in the periodic table (i.e. C, N, O, F, Na, Mg and Al), tend to attain a similar configuration by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
The argon atom has an analogous 3s2 3p6 configuration. There is also an empty 3d level, but it is at considerably higher energy than 3s and 3p (unlike in the hydrogen atom), so that 3s2 3p6 is still considered a closed shell for chemical purposes. The atoms immediately before and after argon tend to attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this is controversial (see below).
For helium there is no 1p level according to the quantum theory, so that 1s2 is a closed shell with no p electrons. The atoms before and after helium (H and Li) follow a duet rule and tend to have the same 1s2 configuration as helium.
--- end quoting Wikipedia ---
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Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 10:43:40 PM (yesterday)
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Not a 8 in Lewis Structure for it it were 8 then O2 would have the highest bond dissociation, instead CO and N2.
And where the 8 comes from is what AP needs to equilibrate muon angular momentum to proton angular momentum. The muon is 105MeV while proton is 840MeV, clearly 8muons = 1proton doing the Faraday law. And as the muon thrusts through the 8 ringed proton torus, each of those 8 rings in turn produce a Dirac magnetic monopole, mostly of 1 or 2 eV in energy. This production is what the Chemists from Newlands to Werner to Abegg to Lewis to Langmuir were characterizing. The octet rule is not about the 0.5MeV particle but about the proton and the muon inside the proton. So that as each muon makes 1 full circle around the proton torus, it manufactures 1 monopole per proton ring. There are 8 rings. This is the 8 that Chemists and Physicists are seen in the octet rule, the production of a 1 or 2 eV magnetic monople per full circle of the muon inside its proton.
Bonding of two atoms such as C to O to form CO are the 6 faces, so that O atom has 4 faces to share and C has 2 faces to share. While N has 3 faces to share and so N2 is 3+3=6. The octet rule becomes the sextet rule. Molecules want to be 6 faces as a cube or box.
However, as the muon inside every proton of the atom, moves in a full circle, it passes 8 rings of the proton and each ring it passes creates new electricity of mostly 1 or 2 eV of energy that is sent to a nearby neutron as a capacitor or emitted from the atom as heat or light energy ( starshine).
In this view we can easily see how chemists and physicists mistakenly attributed 8 to bonding when the 8 comes from the muon inside all protons making a full circuit around the proton. And easily see that the focus of how many faces a cube or box is-- is always 6.
But another lesson to learn is that the speed unit is meter/sec^2 and the reverse of that meters^2/second as angular momentum. So we want to know how fast the muon is traveling around inside the proton torus. Is it nearly the speed of light 3.16*10^8 meters/sec. The inverse of that speed is 3.16*10^-9. And if we consider the proton stationary compared to muon for that is how the Faraday law works-- one is relatively stationary. Then we get a nice, nice equalibration of proton 840MeV * 1meters^2/sec = 105MeV* (8meters^2/sec) . So that would be a slow moving muon, not a muon moving at near the speed of light. And the finest way of confirming that idea of a slow moving muon in proton is the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden gold leaf experiment. Where the conclusion is that the alpha particle does not hit a dense nucleus but a slow moving conglomeration of gold muons. If the muons moved at nearly the speed of light, the amount of direct bounce back recoil would not be rare but be a large number. If the amount of bounce back alpha particles is rare, is a direct correlation to speed of muons inside gold protons. Gold protons would form large toruses.
I hope and I think my tussle fight with "is it 6" or "is it 8" will soon be over with.
AP
King of Science, especially Physics
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Archimedes Plutonium
1:25 AM (yesterday)
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I am going to use this material in updating my 62nd published book. While examining how to make equal the angular momentum of proton to muon, I see I simply need a speed of a factor of 8 to make that equality. This allows me to simplify the concept of angular momentum so much further simplified. Simplify angular momentum as a speed of area or energy. Normal usual speed is distance/time while angular momentum is energy/time. So in speed and its derivative acceleration we have m/s then m/s^2, but in angular momentum we have m^2/s.
So actually acceleration is more complicated than even is that of angular momentum. For acceleration is a second derivative, but angular momentum is seen as a speed, not of distance but of energy.
Elementary Angular-Momentum with Force of Gravity// Angular-Momentum equals Electric Field// Physics series for High School, Book 8
by Archimedes Plutonium
--------------------------
Table of Contents
--------------------------
1) Angular Momentum is one of the most difficult concepts of physics.
2) Strange motion of Uranus and its satellites.
3) UNITS of PHYSICS
4) Linear Momentum
5) Angular Momentum
6) Principle that Angular Momentum is represented by an ellipse.
7) Principle of Gravity
8) Return and Review of the Moons (satellites) of Uranus.
9) Quantum Duality that is Electricity to Magnetism, and that is Angular Momentum with Force of Gravity.
10) Angular-Momentum equals Electric-Field.
62nd published book
Elementary Angular-Momentum with Force of Gravity// Angular-Momentum equals Electric Field// Physics series for High School, Book 8 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Angular-Momentum is tough physics. So tough that no physicist of the 20th century knew what it truly was. And believe you me, there were some great mathematical physicists such as Dirac and Feynman and Bohr and Pauli. The reason it was tough, for it had a missing term in it, electric current. This book is not going to go into depth and detail of Angular Momentum or Gravity, but only to get the student a comfortable awareness of what angular-momentum and gravity is, and how it works. After reading this small book and, later, if you want depth and detail of Angular Momentum and Gravity, please see AP's textbook of " Raw Research into ANGULAR-MOMENTUM DYNAMICS//Atom Totality series, book 3, 2019, Kindle Edition, by Archimedes Plutonium.
The mathematics involved in Angular-Momentum and Gravity is too hard for High School, so hard, that it should be spared of all mathematics, and just a geometry description should be given to High School. And only at the end of Freshperson Physics in College should the mathematics of Angular Momentum and Gravity be given in College 1st year Physics. Spared so that the student is in synch with AP's Freshperson Calculus text which the AP-EM equations are at the end of that textbook. In synch reading of 1st year college calculus and 1st year college physics, do we reach a synchronous moment of education teaching to handle the math of Angular-Momentum and Gravity. So in this text, I will speak about the geometry of Angular Momentum and the geometry of Gravity and that is easy to understand. I am not going to go into any mathematical calculations nor the equations of electricity and magnetism that governs Angular Momentum and Gravity. Only a geometry understanding of Angular-Momentum and Gravity.
Cover picture is the planet Uranus with several of its satellites. It is Uranus that proves to us what angular-momentum and gravity truly are, and teaches us what gravity truly is-- it is electricity and magnetism.
Length: 16 pages
Product details
• File Size : 959 KB
• ASIN : B07XT4SP6N
• Word Wise : Enabled
• Print Length : 16 pages
• Publication Date : September 11, 2019
• Enhanced Typesetting : Enabled
• Text-to-Speech : Not enabled
• X-Ray : Not Enabled
• Screen Reader : Supported
• Simultaneous Device Usage : Unlimited
• Language: : English
• Lending : Enabled
• Best Sellers Rank: #171,127 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
◦ #2 in 15-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
◦ #12 in Electromagnetic Theory
◦ #21 in Electromagnetism (Kindle Store)
2nd published book
True Chemistry: Chemistry Series, book 1 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Physics and chemistry made a mistake in 1897 for they thought that J.J. Thomson's small particle of 0.5MeV was the electron of atoms. By 2017, Archimedes Plutonium discovered that the rest mass of 940 for neutron and proton was really 9 x 105MeV with a small sigma-error. Meaning that the real proton is 840MeV, real electron is 105 MeV= muon, and that little particle Thomson discovered was in fact the Dirac magnetic monopole. Dirac circa 1930s was looking for a magnetic monopole, and sadly, Dirac passed away before 2017, because if he had lived to 2017, he would have seen his long sought for magnetic monopole which is everywhere.
Cover picture: shows 3 isomers of CO2 and the O2 molecule.
Length: 1150 pages
Product details
• File Size : 2167 KB
• ASIN : B07PLVMMSZ
• Publication Date : March 11, 2019
• Word Wise : Enabled
• Print Length : 1150 pages
• Language: : English
• Text-to-Speech : Not enabled
• Enhanced Typesetting : Enabled
• X-Ray : Not Enabled
• Lending : Enabled
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #590,212 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#181 in General Chemistry & Reference
#1324 in General Chemistry
#1656 in Physics (Kindle Store)
Archimedes Plutonium's profile photo
Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 2:47:24 PM (yesterday)
to
Units for acceleration are A = meters/sec^2
In Angular Momentum we turn that around to be meters^2/sec. We square the meters and leave the seconds alone.
So, well Angular Momentum is the driving force behind all of Quantum Mechanics for its units are angular momentum and that should be of no surprise to any one in physics who knows the primal axiom of physics. All is Atom and Atoms are nothing but electricity and magnetism.
Both electricity and magnetism are closed look circuits, and that means a math-form of x^2/A^2 where x is the variable and A is the constant so in effect the angular momentum is a math of closed loop circuitry.
So let us just see why the 0.5MeV particle cannot be the electron of atoms and why the muon stuck and trapped inside a 840MeV proton torus must be the true electron of atoms.
For proton we have 840MeV *( meters^2/second)
For muon we have 105MeV * (meters^2/second)
For Dirac magnetic monopole mistaken as the electron we have 0.5MeV * (meters^2/second)
What I am going to demonstrate with this math is not only is the Rutherford-Bohr Model of atom a charlatan fraud for it is impossible given the above math. But that the very concept of Angular Momentum that all of Quantum Mechanics is based upon is a error filled fraud.
As for the second test of whether a Physics professor should stay or be fired out of physics is just a simple test of logic. For it is well known that the CO and N2 molecules have the highest dissociation energy in chemistry. If Lewis 6 Structure is true, then CO and N2 do indeed have the highest dissociation bond energy as we place 6 Lewis Arms in a hand held model. But if Lewis 8 Structure were the truth then we must have O2 has a higher dissociation energy than is CO or N2. Simple logic, but every physics and chemistry professor around the globe espouses and teaches Lewis 8 Structure. They should all be given a pink slip by the President of their colleges if they cannot publically admit to the truth about Lewis 6 Structure, and should not pollute the minds of our young students any further.
AP
King of Science
Archimedes Plutonium's profile photo
Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 3:17:12 PM (yesterday)
to
Units for acceleration are A = meters/sec^2
In Angular Momentum we turn that around to be meters^2/sec. We square the meters and leave the seconds alone.
So, well Angular Momentum is the driving force behind all of Quantum Mechanics for its units are angular momentum and that should be of no surprise to any one in physics who knows the primal axiom of physics. All is Atom and Atoms are nothing but electricity and magnetism.
Both electricity and magnetism are closed look circuits, and that means a math-form of x^2/A^2 where x is the variable and A is the constant so in effect the angular momentum is a math of closed loop circuitry.
So let us just see why the 0.5MeV particle cannot be the electron of atoms and why the muon stuck and trapped inside a 840MeV proton torus must be the true electron of atoms.
For proton we have 840MeV *( meters^2/second)
For muon we have 105MeV * (meters^2/second)
For Dirac magnetic monopole mistaken as the electron we have 0.5MeV * (meters^2/second)
Now the recorded known speed of the 0.5MeV particle is nearly that of the speed of light. But that makes commonsense because Dirac Magnetic Monopoles are photon particles, some monopoles some dipoles.In Angular Momentum we turn that around to be meters^2/sec. We square the meters and leave the seconds alone.
So, well Angular Momentum is the driving force behind all of Quantum Mechanics for its units are angular momentum and that should be of no surprise to any one in physics who knows the primal axiom of physics. All is Atom and Atoms are nothing but electricity and magnetism.
Both electricity and magnetism are closed look circuits, and that means a math-form of x^2/A^2 where x is the variable and A is the constant so in effect the angular momentum is a math of closed loop circuitry.
So let us just see why the 0.5MeV particle cannot be the electron of atoms and why the muon stuck and trapped inside a 840MeV proton torus must be the true electron of atoms.
For proton we have 840MeV *( meters^2/second)
For muon we have 105MeV * (meters^2/second)
For Dirac magnetic monopole mistaken as the electron we have 0.5MeV * (meters^2/second)
So if we reverse the speed of light 3.16*10^8 m/s as that of 3.16*10^-9 in number value we see that our math for the 0.5 particle incorrectly deemed the electron of atoms would be a tiny number of
0.5MeV * 3.16*10^-9 for angular momentum.
On the other hand with proton at 840MeV and muon as true real electron the angular momentum of both are near equal to one another, provided that we keep the velocity of muon as 8 times that of the velocity of proton.
Now in Faraday's law, you do not create new electricity if the speed of the proton with its 8 rings is the same speed as the muon trapped inside thrusting through the proton. For if the proton speed matches the muon speed there is no electricity produced for there is no thrusting, everything is relatively staying the same, no motion detected.
But, however, if the speed of the proton is considered stationary, and the speed of the muon considered to be 8. Then we have a meters^2/second = 8
What I am going to demonstrate with this math is not only is the Rutherford-Bohr Model of atom a charlatan fraud for it is impossible given the above math. But that the very concept of Angular Momentum that all of Quantum Mechanics is based upon is a error filled fraud.
As for the second test of whether a Physics professor should stay or be fired out of physics is just a simple test of logic. For it is well known that the CO and N2 molecules have the highest dissociation energy in chemistry. If Lewis 6 Structure is true, then CO and N2 do indeed have the highest dissociation bond energy as we place 6 Lewis Arms in a hand held model. But if Lewis 8 Structure were the truth then we must have O2 has a higher dissociation energy than is CO or N2. Simple logic, but every physics and chemistry professor around the globe espouses and teaches Lewis 8 Structure. They should all be given a pink slip by the President of their colleges if they cannot publically admit to the truth about Lewis 6 Structure, and should not pollute the minds of our young students any further.
Of course the math and logic of Lewis 6 Structure versus Lewis 8 Structure is High School logic and math, yet College physics and College Chemistry professors failed that test ever since accurate dissociation energies were tabulated. When was that? The 1916 with Lewis's The Atom and the Molecule when we had accurate enough dissociation energy experiments? Even Lewis himself should have corrected his Lewis 8 arms when there were only 6 arms.As for the second test of whether a Physics professor should stay or be fired out of physics is just a simple test of logic. For it is well known that the CO and N2 molecules have the highest dissociation energy in chemistry. If Lewis 6 Structure is true, then CO and N2 do indeed have the highest dissociation bond energy as we place 6 Lewis Arms in a hand held model. But if Lewis 8 Structure were the truth then we must have O2 has a higher dissociation energy than is CO or N2. Simple logic, but every physics and chemistry professor around the globe espouses and teaches Lewis 8 Structure. They should all be given a pink slip by the President of their colleges if they cannot publically admit to the truth about Lewis 6 Structure, and should not pollute the minds of our young students any further.
I was looking for a History of bond dissociation energy of chemistry. Apparently chemists never see dating their science with any priority concerns. So I am guessing that only recently say 1950s and thereafter is bond dissociation energy in Chemistry a accurate science. This would explain why Lewis decided on 8 rather than on the number 6.
AP is mystified by the fact that proton and muon have a factor of 8 in common. And the wrong Lewis Structure of 8. So is there some connection as to why Chemistry chose 8 when it is 6.
1> AP
1> King of Science
Archimedes Plutonium's profile photo
Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 4:08:39 PM (yesterday)
to
So, I just cannot help but wonder, if the mistaken 8 in Lewis Structure is the exact factor I need to Equilibrate the Proton Angular Momentum to be the same as the Muon Angular Momentum.
And if we Equilibrate muon to proton angular momentum, do we achieve that lofty principle of Maximum Production of Electricity of muon doing Faraday law inside a proton torus? This idea has bugged and nagged me for almost 4 years now ever since 2018.
I do not need a 8 in Lewis Structure but I do need a 8 in angular momentum of muon versus proton.
Archimedes Plutonium's profile photo
Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 8:28:14 PM (yesterday)
to
Going to explore this in far more detail, for I simply need the number 8 to make the Angular Momentum of Muon equal to angular momentum of proton. Whereas Chemistry does not need 8, but rather, needs the number 6 for Lewis bonding structure. I looked this up before under the "octet rule" of chemistry. But no harm in reviewing.
I find it highly highly unlikely that chemistry thinks it needs 8 when it needs 6, yet physics needs that 8 for angular momentum.
Could it be that the Chemists were doing Quantum Mechanics of 8 with angular momentum and not with that of their crazy muddle headed electrons of 0.5MeV when the true electron is the muon trapped inside a proton torus.
So what I am thinking on re reading this explanation in Wikipedia, is that the octet rule was never about bonding but all about the velocity of the muon traveling around inside a proton torus and doing the Faraday law. A "closed inert gas configuration" was never about 0.5MeV particles bonding, but about that Muon velocity as it thrusts through those 8 rings that compose a proton torus and every time the muon thrusts through a individual proton ring a electric current is produced. So 8 electric currents are produced in one cycle of a muon thrusting.
Lewis thought he needed 8 when in truth, he needed 6.
AP needs 8 for muon to proton angular momentum, so I think I have found the 8, I need.
--- quoting Wikipedia on octet rule ---
History
Newlands' law of octaves
In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties.
In the late 19th century, it was known that coordination compounds (formerly called “molecular compounds”) were formed by the combination of atoms or molecules in such a manner that the valencies of the atoms involved apparently became satisfied. In 1893, Alfred Werner showed that the number of atoms or groups associated with a central atom (the “coordination number”) is often 4 or 6; other coordination numbers up to a maximum of 8 were known, but less frequent.[8] In 1904, Richard Abegg was one of the first to extend the concept of coordination number to a concept of valence in which he distinguished atoms as electron donors or acceptors, leading to positive and negative valence states that greatly resemble the modern concept of oxidation states. Abegg noted that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element under his model is frequently eight.[9] In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis referred to this insight as Abegg's rule and used it to help formulate his cubical atom model and the "rule of eight", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919, Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and renamed them the "cubical octet atom" and "octet theory". The "octet theory" evolved into what is now known as the "octet rule".
Walther Kossel and Gilbert N. Lewis saw that noble gases did not have the tendency of taking part in chemical reactions under ordinary conditions. On the basis of this observation, they concluded that atoms of noble gases are stable and on the basis of this conclusion they proposed a theory of valency known as "electronic theory of valency" in 1916:
During the formation of a chemical bond, atoms combine together by gaining, losing or sharing electrons in such a way that they acquire nearest noble gas configuration.
Explanation in quantum theory
The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an s2p6 electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has a full n = 2 shell (2s2 2p6) and an empty n = 3 shell. According to the octet rule, the atoms immediately before and after neon in the periodic table (i.e. C, N, O, F, Na, Mg and Al), tend to attain a similar configuration by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
The argon atom has an analogous 3s2 3p6 configuration. There is also an empty 3d level, but it is at considerably higher energy than 3s and 3p (unlike in the hydrogen atom), so that 3s2 3p6 is still considered a closed shell for chemical purposes. The atoms immediately before and after argon tend to attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this is controversial (see below).
For helium there is no 1p level according to the quantum theory, so that 1s2 is a closed shell with no p electrons. The atoms before and after helium (H and Li) follow a duet rule and tend to have the same 1s2 configuration as helium.
--- end quoting Wikipedia ---
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Archimedes Plutonium
Mar 14, 2021, 10:43:40 PM (yesterday)
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--- quoting Wikipedia on octet rule ---
History
Newlands' law of octaves
In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties.
In the late 19th century, it was known that coordination compounds (formerly called “molecular compounds”) were formed by the combination of atoms or molecules in such a manner that the valencies of the atoms involved apparently became satisfied. In 1893, Alfred Werner showed that the number of atoms or groups associated with a central atom (the “coordination number”) is often 4 or 6; other coordination numbers up to a maximum of 8 were known, but less frequent.[8] In 1904, Richard Abegg was one of the first to extend the concept of coordination number to a concept of valence in which he distinguished atoms as electron donors or acceptors, leading to positive and negative valence states that greatly resemble the modern concept of oxidation states. Abegg noted that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element under his model is frequently eight. In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis referred to this insight as Abegg's rule and used it to help formulate his cubical atom model and the "rule of eight", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919, Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and renamed them the "cubical octet atom" and "octet theory". The "octet theory" evolved into what is now known as the "octet rule".
During the formation of a chemical bond, atoms combine together by gaining, losing or sharing electrons in such a way that they acquire nearest noble gas configuration.
Explanation in quantum theory
The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an s2p6 electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has a full n = 2 shell (2s2 2p6) and an empty n = 3 shell. According to the octet rule, the atoms immediately before and after neon in the periodic table (i.e. C, N, O, F, Na, Mg and Al), tend to attain a similar configuration by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
The argon atom has an analogous 3s2 3p6 configuration. There is also an empty 3d level, but it is at considerably higher energy than 3s and 3p (unlike in the hydrogen atom), so that 3s2 3p6 is still considered a closed shell for chemical purposes. The atoms immediately before and after argon tend to attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this is controversial (see below).
For helium there is no 1p level according to the quantum theory, so that 1s2 is a closed shell with no p electrons. The atoms before and after helium (H and Li) follow a duet rule and tend to have the same 1s2 configuration as helium.
--- end quoting Wikipedia ---
Alright, I think I can swing a fabulous explanation out of this. Chemistry needs a 6 in Lewis Structure not a 8. And the 6 comes from that of a cube or box can only have 6 faces, and we consider each face as a Energy Arm of Lewis Arm Structure.History
Newlands' law of octaves
In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties.
In the late 19th century, it was known that coordination compounds (formerly called “molecular compounds”) were formed by the combination of atoms or molecules in such a manner that the valencies of the atoms involved apparently became satisfied. In 1893, Alfred Werner showed that the number of atoms or groups associated with a central atom (the “coordination number”) is often 4 or 6; other coordination numbers up to a maximum of 8 were known, but less frequent.[8] In 1904, Richard Abegg was one of the first to extend the concept of coordination number to a concept of valence in which he distinguished atoms as electron donors or acceptors, leading to positive and negative valence states that greatly resemble the modern concept of oxidation states. Abegg noted that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element under his model is frequently eight. In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis referred to this insight as Abegg's rule and used it to help formulate his cubical atom model and the "rule of eight", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919, Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and renamed them the "cubical octet atom" and "octet theory". The "octet theory" evolved into what is now known as the "octet rule".
During the formation of a chemical bond, atoms combine together by gaining, losing or sharing electrons in such a way that they acquire nearest noble gas configuration.
Explanation in quantum theory
The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an s2p6 electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has a full n = 2 shell (2s2 2p6) and an empty n = 3 shell. According to the octet rule, the atoms immediately before and after neon in the periodic table (i.e. C, N, O, F, Na, Mg and Al), tend to attain a similar configuration by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
The argon atom has an analogous 3s2 3p6 configuration. There is also an empty 3d level, but it is at considerably higher energy than 3s and 3p (unlike in the hydrogen atom), so that 3s2 3p6 is still considered a closed shell for chemical purposes. The atoms immediately before and after argon tend to attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this is controversial (see below).
For helium there is no 1p level according to the quantum theory, so that 1s2 is a closed shell with no p electrons. The atoms before and after helium (H and Li) follow a duet rule and tend to have the same 1s2 configuration as helium.
--- end quoting Wikipedia ---
Not a 8 in Lewis Structure for it it were 8 then O2 would have the highest bond dissociation, instead CO and N2.
And where the 8 comes from is what AP needs to equilibrate muon angular momentum to proton angular momentum. The muon is 105MeV while proton is 840MeV, clearly 8muons = 1proton doing the Faraday law. And as the muon thrusts through the 8 ringed proton torus, each of those 8 rings in turn produce a Dirac magnetic monopole, mostly of 1 or 2 eV in energy. This production is what the Chemists from Newlands to Werner to Abegg to Lewis to Langmuir were characterizing. The octet rule is not about the 0.5MeV particle but about the proton and the muon inside the proton. So that as each muon makes 1 full circle around the proton torus, it manufactures 1 monopole per proton ring. There are 8 rings. This is the 8 that Chemists and Physicists are seen in the octet rule, the production of a 1 or 2 eV magnetic monople per full circle of the muon inside its proton.
Bonding of two atoms such as C to O to form CO are the 6 faces, so that O atom has 4 faces to share and C has 2 faces to share. While N has 3 faces to share and so N2 is 3+3=6. The octet rule becomes the sextet rule. Molecules want to be 6 faces as a cube or box.
However, as the muon inside every proton of the atom, moves in a full circle, it passes 8 rings of the proton and each ring it passes creates new electricity of mostly 1 or 2 eV of energy that is sent to a nearby neutron as a capacitor or emitted from the atom as heat or light energy ( starshine).
In this view we can easily see how chemists and physicists mistakenly attributed 8 to bonding when the 8 comes from the muon inside all protons making a full circuit around the proton. And easily see that the focus of how many faces a cube or box is-- is always 6.
But another lesson to learn is that the speed unit is meter/sec^2 and the reverse of that meters^2/second as angular momentum. So we want to know how fast the muon is traveling around inside the proton torus. Is it nearly the speed of light 3.16*10^8 meters/sec. The inverse of that speed is 3.16*10^-9. And if we consider the proton stationary compared to muon for that is how the Faraday law works-- one is relatively stationary. Then we get a nice, nice equalibration of proton 840MeV * 1meters^2/sec = 105MeV* (8meters^2/sec) . So that would be a slow moving muon, not a muon moving at near the speed of light. And the finest way of confirming that idea of a slow moving muon in proton is the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden gold leaf experiment. Where the conclusion is that the alpha particle does not hit a dense nucleus but a slow moving conglomeration of gold muons. If the muons moved at nearly the speed of light, the amount of direct bounce back recoil would not be rare but be a large number. If the amount of bounce back alpha particles is rare, is a direct correlation to speed of muons inside gold protons. Gold protons would form large toruses.
I hope and I think my tussle fight with "is it 6" or "is it 8" will soon be over with.
AP
King of Science, especially Physics
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Archimedes Plutonium
1:25 AM (yesterday)
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I am going to use this material in updating my 62nd published book. While examining how to make equal the angular momentum of proton to muon, I see I simply need a speed of a factor of 8 to make that equality. This allows me to simplify the concept of angular momentum so much further simplified. Simplify angular momentum as a speed of area or energy. Normal usual speed is distance/time while angular momentum is energy/time. So in speed and its derivative acceleration we have m/s then m/s^2, but in angular momentum we have m^2/s.
So actually acceleration is more complicated than even is that of angular momentum. For acceleration is a second derivative, but angular momentum is seen as a speed, not of distance but of energy.
Elementary Angular-Momentum with Force of Gravity// Angular-Momentum equals Electric Field// Physics series for High School, Book 8
by Archimedes Plutonium
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Table of Contents
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1) Angular Momentum is one of the most difficult concepts of physics.
2) Strange motion of Uranus and its satellites.
3) UNITS of PHYSICS
4) Linear Momentum
5) Angular Momentum
6) Principle that Angular Momentum is represented by an ellipse.
7) Principle of Gravity
8) Return and Review of the Moons (satellites) of Uranus.
9) Quantum Duality that is Electricity to Magnetism, and that is Angular Momentum with Force of Gravity.
10) Angular-Momentum equals Electric-Field.